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Interactive Disassembler

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">Interactive Disassembler</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait of <a href="Fran%C3%A7oise_d'Aubign%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Françoise d'Aubigné">Françoise d'Aubigné</a>, whose image is used as the IDA logo</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Ilfak_Guilfanov" title="Ilfak Guilfanov">Ilfak Guilfanov</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hex-Rays</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">May 21, 1991 (1991-05-21)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">9.1<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a>

/ February 28, 2025 (2025-02-28)</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, <a href="Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a>, and <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Disassembler" title="Disassembler">Disassembler</a>, <a href="Decompiler" title="Decompiler">Decompiler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Proprietary</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hex-rays.com/ida-pro/">hex-rays.com/ida-pro/</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

The Interactive Disassembler (IDA) is a <a href="Disassembler" title="Disassembler">disassembler</a> for <a href="Software" title="Software">computer software</a> which generates <a href="Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">assembly language</a> <a href="Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> from <a href="Machine_code" title="Machine code">machine-executable code</a>. It supports a variety of <a href="Executable" title="Executable">executable formats</a> for different <a href="Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">processors</a> and <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a>. It can also be used as a <a href="Debugger" title="Debugger">debugger</a> for <a href="Portable_Executable" title="Portable Executable">Windows PE</a>, <a href="Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a> <a href="Mach-O" title="Mach-O">Mach-O</a>, and <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> <a href="Executable_and_Linkable_Format" title="Executable and Linkable Format">ELF</a> executables. A <a href="Decompiler" title="Decompiler">decompiler</a> plug-in, which generates a high level, <a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> source code-like representation of the analysed program, is available at extra cost.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>

IDA is used widely in software <a href="Reverse_engineering" title="Reverse engineering">reverse engineering</a>, including for <a href="Malware_analysis" title="Malware analysis">malware analysis</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> and <a href="Vulnerability_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulnerability (computing)">software vulnerability</a> research.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> IDA's decompiler is one of the most popular and widely used decompilation frameworks,<a href="#cite_note-:02-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-12">[12]</a> and IDA has been called the "de-facto industry standard" for program disassembly and static binary analysis.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<a href="Ilfak_Guilfanov" title="Ilfak Guilfanov">Ilfak Guilfanov</a> began working on IDA in 1990,<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> and initially distributed it as a <a href="Shareware" title="Shareware">shareware</a> application. In 1996, the <a href="Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgian</a> company DataRescue took over the development of IDA and began to sell it as a commercial product, under the name IDA Pro.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a>

Initial versions of IDA did not have a <a href="Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface (GUI)</a>, and ran as an <a href="Extended_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Extended DOS">extended DOS</a>, <a href="OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a>, or Windows <a href="Console_application" title="Console application">console application</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> In 1999, DataRescue released the first version of IDA Pro with a GUI, IDA Pro 4.0.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a>

In 2005, Guilfanov founded Hex-Rays to pursue the development of the Hex-Rays Decompiler IDA extension.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> In January 2008, Hex-Rays assumed the development and support of DataRescue's IDA Pro.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a>

In 2022, Hex-Rays was acquired by a group of investors led by Smartfin, a European <a href="Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">venture capital</a> and <a href="Private_equity_investor" class="mw-redirect" title="Private equity investor">private equity investor</a>. Co-investors in the acquisition included the Belgian public holding company The Federal Holding & Investment Company (SFPIM), and the <a href="Wallonia" title="Wallonia">Walloon</a> public investment firm <a href="Regional_Investment_Company_of_Wallonia" title="Regional Investment Company of Wallonia">Regional Investment Company of Wallonia (SRIW)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2></div>

IDA disassembles a compiled program back into an assembly language representation. In addition to performing basic disassembly, IDA also automatically annotates disassembled programs with information about:<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a>

<ul><li>cross-references between code and data in the program</li>

<li>function locations, function <a href="Stack_frame" class="mw-redirect" title="Stack frame">stack frames</a>, and function <a href="Calling_convention" title="Calling convention">calling conventions</a></li>

<li>reconstructed <a href="Data_type" title="Data type">data types</a></li></ul>

However, the nature of disassembly precludes total accuracy, and a great deal of human intervention is necessarily required; IDA has interactive functionality to aid in improving the disassembly. A typical IDA user will begin with an automatically generated disassembly listing and then convert sections from code to data and vice versa, rename, annotate, and otherwise add information to the listing, until its functionality becomes clear.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scripting">Scripting</h3></div>

"IDC scripts" make it possible to extend the operation of the disassembler. Some helpful scripts are provided, which can serve as the basis for user written scripts. Most frequently scripts are used for extra modification of the generated code. For example, external symbol tables can be loaded thereby using the function names of the original source code.

Users have created plugins that allow other common scripting languages to be used instead of, or in addition to, IDC. IdaRUB<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> supports <a href="Ruby_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruby programming language">Ruby</a> and IDAPython<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> adds support for <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>. As of version 5.4, IDAPython (dependent on Python 2.5) comes preinstalled with IDA Pro.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Debugging">Debugging</h3></div>

IDA Pro supports a number of debuggers,<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> including:

<ul><li>Remote Windows, Linux, and Mac applications (provided by Hex-Rays) allow running an executable in its native environment (presumably using a virtual machine for malware)</li>

<li><a href="GNU_Debugger" title="GNU Debugger">GNU Debugger</a> (gdb) is supported on Linux and OS X, as well as the native Windows debugger</li>

<li>A <a href="Bochs" title="Bochs">Bochs</a> plugin is provided for debugging simple applications (i.e., damaged <a href="UPX" title="UPX">UPX</a> or mpress compacted executables)</li>

<li>An <a href="Pin_(computer_program)" title="Pin (computer program)">Intel PIN</a>-based debugger</li>

<li>A trace replayer</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Versions">Versions</h2></div>

The latest full version of IDA Pro is available via paid annual subscription (version 9.0sp1 as of December 2024), while a less capable version (limited to x86), named IDA Free, is available for download free of cost.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Supported_systems/processors/compilers">Supported systems/processors/compilers</h2></div>

<ul><li>System hosts

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> x86 and ARM</li>

<li>Linux x86</li>

<li>Recognized executable file formats

<ul><li><a href="COFF" title="COFF">COFF</a> and derivatives, including Win32/64/generic <a href="Portable_Executable" title="Portable Executable">PE</a></li>

<li><a href="Executable_and_Linkable_Format" title="Executable and Linkable Format">ELF</a> and derivatives (generic)</li>

<li><a href="NetWare_Loadable_Module" title="NetWare Loadable Module">NLM</a> (<a href="NetWare" title="NetWare">NetWare</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Linear_Executable#OS/2" title="Linear Executable">LC/LE/LX</a> (OS/2 2.x+ and various DOS extenders)</li>

<li><a href="New_Executable" title="New Executable">NE</a> (OS/2 1.x, Win16, and various DOS extenders)</li>

<li><a href="Relocatable_Object_Module_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Relocatable Object Module Format">OMF</a> and derivatives (generic)</li>

<li><a href="Arm_Image_Format" title="Arm Image Format">AIM</a> (generic)</li>

<li>raw binary, such as a ROM image or a <a href="COM_file" title="COM file">COM file</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Instruction sets

<ul><li><a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> 80x86 family</li>

<li><a href="ARM_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM architecture">ARM architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Motorola_68000_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorola 68000 family">Motorola 68k</a> and H8</li>

<li><a href="Zilog_Z80" title="Zilog Z80">Zilog Z80</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_i860" title="Intel i860">Intel i860</a></li>

<li><a href="DEC_Alpha" title="DEC Alpha">DEC Alpha</a></li>

<li><a href="Analog_Devices" title="Analog Devices">Analog Devices</a> ADSP218x</li>

<li><a href="Angstrem_(company)" title="Angstrem (company)">Angstrem</a> KR1878</li>

<li><a href="Atmel_AVR" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmel AVR">Atmel AVR</a> series</li>

<li>DEC series <a href="PDP-11" title="PDP-11">PDP11</a></li>

<li>Fujitsu F2MC16L/F2MC16LX</li>

<li>Fujitsu FR 32-bit Family</li>

<li>Hitachi <a href="Hitachi_SH-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitachi SH-3">SH3</a>/SH3B/<a href="Hitachi_SH4" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitachi SH4">SH4</a>/SH4B</li>

<li><a href="Hitachi_H8" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitachi H8">Hitachi H8</a>: h8300/h8300a/h8s300/h8500</li>

<li>Intel 196 series: 80196/80196NP</li>

<li>Intel 51 series: 8051/80251b/80251s/80930b/80930s</li>

<li><a href="Intel_i960" title="Intel i960">Intel i960</a> series</li>

<li><a href="Intel_Itanium" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Itanium">Intel Itanium</a> (ia64) series</li>

<li><a href="Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine">Java virtual machine</a></li>

<li><a href="MIPS_architecture_processors" title="MIPS architecture processors">MIPS</a>: mipsb/mipsl/mipsr/mipsrl/r5900b/r5900l</li>

<li>Microchip PIC: PIC12Cxx/PIC16Cxx/PIC18Cxx</li>

<li>Mitsubishi 7700 Family: m7700/m7750</li>

<li>Mitsubishi m32/m32rx</li>

<li>Mitsubishi m740</li>

<li>Mitsubishi m7900</li>

<li>Motorola DSP 5600x Family: dsp561xx/dsp5663xx/dsp566xx/dsp56k</li>

<li><a href="Motorola_ColdFire" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorola ColdFire">Motorola ColdFire</a></li>

<li>Motorola HCS12</li>

<li><a href="PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a></li>

<li>Xenon PowerPC Family</li>

<li>SGS-Thomson ST20/ST20c4/ST7</li>

<li><a href="SPARC" title="SPARC">SPARC</a> Family</li>

<li><a href="Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> SAM8</li>

<li><a href="Siemens_C166" class="mw-redirect" title="Siemens C166">Siemens C166</a></li>

<li><a href="Texas_Instruments_TMS320" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Instruments TMS320">TMS320Cxxx</a> series</li></ul></li>

<li>Compiler/libraries (for automatic library function recognition)<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a>

<ul><li><a href="Borland" title="Borland">Borland</a> C++ 5.x for DOS/Windows</li>

<li>Borland C++ 3.1</li>

<li>Borland C Builder v4 for DOS/Windows</li>

<li>GNU C++ for <a href="Cygwin" title="Cygwin">Cygwin</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft C">Microsoft C</a></li>

<li>Microsoft <a href="QuickC" title="QuickC">QuickC</a></li>

<li>Microsoft <a href="Visual_C%2B%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual C++">Visual C++</a></li>

<li><a href="Watcom_C/C%2B%2B" title="Watcom C/C++">Watcom C/C++</a> (16/32 bit) for <a href="DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a>/<a href="OS/2" title="OS/2">OS2</a></li>

<li>GNU C++ for Unix/common</li></ul></li></ul>

IDA Pro's logo is a cropped image of <a href="Fran%C3%A7oise_d'Aubign%C3%A9%2C_Marquise_de_Maintenon" title="Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon">Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon</a>. The logo image is similar to a miniature painting of Françoise d'Aubigné attested to a painter in the circle of <a href="Pierre_Mignard" title="Pierre Mignard">Pierre Mignard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a>

The original greyscale version of the logo was introduced in September 1999, with the release of IDA 4.0.<a href="#cite_note-:0-18">[18]</a> Ilfak Guilfanov has stated that the logo is not a depiction of <a href="Saint_Ida_of_Louvain" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Ida of Louvain">Saint Ida of Louvain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a>

<ul><li><a href="Binary_Ninja" title="Binary Ninja">Binary Ninja</a></li>

<li><a href="Cheat_Engine" title="Cheat Engine">Cheat Engine</a></li>

<li><a href="Ghidra" title="Ghidra">Ghidra</a></li>

<li><a href="Radare2" title="Radare2">Radare2</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFGuilfanov2006" class="citation web cs1">Guilfanov, Ilfak (2006-04-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hexblog.com/?p=38">"Sainte Ida | Hex Blog"</a>. Hex Blog. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110617113702/http://www.hexblog.com/?p=38">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-06-17. Retrieved 2024-07-08.</cite>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFEilam2005" class="citation book cs1">Eilam, Eldad (2005). <a href="Reversing%3A_Secrets_of_Reverse_Engineering" title="Reversing: Secrets of Reverse Engineering">Reversing: Secrets of Reverse Engineering</a>. <a href="Wiley_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiley Publishing">Wiley Publishing</a>. p. 595. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-7645-7481-7</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hex-rays.com/products/ida/index.shtml">Official website</a></li>

<li><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150116040613/http://www.idapro.ru/">"IDA Pro on Internet Archive"</a> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idapro.ru/">the original</a> on 2015-01-16.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.openrce.org">"IDA plug-ins and scripts"</a>. Open Reverse Code Engineering (OpenRCE).</cite></li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-19" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Interactive_Disassembler&oldid=1301287782">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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